Counselling psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Counselling psychology - Essay Example Person centred therapy is closer to being a pure form of therapy as compared to psychodynamic therapy. The credit for developing this approach is given to the noted psychologist, Carl Rogers, who came from the humanist tradition. For the most part, this approach to therapy can be considered counselling since the idea in this approach is for the therapist to create a personalised relationship with the individual that is receiving therapy. Rogers () himself has suggested that, â€Å"The more the therapist is himself or herself in the relationship, putting up no professional front or personal facade, the greater is the likelihood that the client will change and grow in a constructive manner (Rogers, 1980, Pg. 115)†. In fact, Carl Rogers wanted the therapy sessions to be a journey of discovery for both the therapist and the patient in which they come to a realisation where patients can help themselves come to terms with their psychological problems. With this approach, the patient is pointed towards the idea of personal growth that connects itself with the future and the present situation of the patient rather than events that happened in the past. Therapy is given through verbal communications and is non-directive since the patient is allowed to express feelings and emotions while the therapist helps him/her in understanding why these emotions or feelings are coming through (Rogers, 1980). Person centred therapy has a two pronged approach to managing psychological issues. The first is to improve the patient’s level of self-esteem through therapy and positive communication while the second is to create a greater openness to new experiences. This form of therapy also seeks to create related changes such as a deeper connection between the patients idealized self and actual self. It also seeks to create an improved understanding of the self-image, lowered levels of defensive behaviour and to improve the quality of the relationships the client has with others

My motivation Essay Example for Free

My motivation Essay My motivation to attend a Historically Black College or University has a lot to do with black history but not for the most common reasons. For me to be able to properly express my sentiments in making this selection, I would like to begin by speaking of my experience as a black woman and the experience of being black in America. This, I feel, is the only way that I can clearly explain my decision to attend a Historically Black College or University. In the very beginning of this nations history, Americans were under the power of Englands monarchy. The Americans were able to overthrow the shackles of bondage and created a Constitution that declares its steadfast belief in the ideals of freedom, equality and the pursuit of happiness. But immediately after the Declaration of Independence and even after the Constitution was signed and accepted by leaders of the new government, not every American citizen is treated fairly. This led to the development of several plans that were aimed at making things equal. Among which, affirmative action was praised and pilloried as the answer to racial inequality. First introduced by President Kennedy in 1961, â€Å"Affirmative action† was designed as a method of reducing the discrimination that had remained despite the civil rights laws and constitutional guarantees. It was a method that was put in place as a â€Å"Temporary Measure to Level the Playing Field† through the offering of the same opportunities to all Americans. While the â€Å"Affirmative Action† plan was intended to have good effects, it resulted in exposing the flaws in the system as â€Å"Reverse Racism† began to emerge and the â€Å"Bakke† case came about where a white male was rejected two years in a row in favor of admitting other minorities through a quota system. This â€Å"Reverse Racism† and other flaws led to a mounting anger against â€Å"Affirmative Action† and soon it became a Zero Sum Game as jobs and opportunities became open to minorities but not to whites. During this period, Preferential treatment and quotas became expressions of contempt. This is where my drive to apply at this Historically Black College or University comes from because I am a firm believer in the progress that has been made to address this situation. The recent victory of Barack Obama in the United States Presidential Election of 2008 is one of the biggest issues among many other big events that have occurred in America this year. This year’s election was even more controversial because of the racial issue, which they barely, if at all, had in previous elections. During the course of the campaigns, other candidates may have mentioned the racial difficulties in their speech or public pledge, but no candidate ever represented him-self as a minority. The United States, I am proud to admit, has begun the long process of change. The idea of having a Black President was unthinkable and unimaginable ten years ago. Yet, it must be pointed out that it was only achievable because America is blended by multi-ethnicity, which means America is like a melting pot, where all different races and cultures are mixed in one particular land, often called â€Å"a country of immigrants†. Many other countries aside from than the United States were and still likely to deny minorities as their presidents. This recent success is a clear sign that Obama’s successful run for president has broken through the ‘last racial barrier’. America no longer has to be rudely awakened by the Civil Rights Movement to realize that there is still much work to be done with regards to racism in this country. When Martin Luther King, Jr. died, the nation was ready for a major change. Ending segregation in the South and improving the status of the Negro race is now the correct thing to do. The victory of Barack Obama sends a message of change that resounds with all the voters; it speaks of change and opportunity for all those who had none and all those who have none. It is this same message of change that has prompted me to embrace my country for taking steps in initiating this change. These Historically Black Colleges and Universities have been trying to change this trend since their inception and I feel that it is my duty to be a part of that proud history and continue the message of change by pushing back the barriers. As the United States continues to grow in population size, the impact that the minorities have on the future of America will no longer be a minor one, to say the least. Without any effective action, these minorities will not be able to take advantage of the opportunities that America has to offer. Affirmative action was supposed to be the future of a great America. An America as envisioned by the forefathers who declared that no person shall be denied the right to life, liberty or property just on the basis of the color of his skin. Any effective action, such as taking an active role by applying to Historically Black Colleges and Universities, with regard to improving society should not be about segregating people or creating a different class. It should instead focus on creating opportunities for those who have none and building relationships that will ensure that America can remains as the great country that it has been and is for ages to come. It is said that the future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. I am one of those individuals who firmly believe in my dreams and am not afraid to work hard to attain them. I know that I have a long road to travel but I am neither daunted nor intimidated by this because I know that I can succeed. I am also confident in the fact that with the experiences that I can gain from this university there is so much more that I can accomplish in life and I look forward to the day that this dream becomes a reality.

Virginias SOL Testing. :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The abbreviation SOL stands for, Standards of Learning. The Standards of Learning is a test that was devised in the spring of 1998 to provide information on the progress of students toward meeting achievement levels. To me as a citizen of Virginia, and as a student, I think this test is a burden on most students in all grade levels, and should be eliminated. Because first, the number of tests being administered to student each year is outrageous, second, the penalties a student has to face for failing are too harsh, and third, it puts the school in jeopardy of losing its accreditation which is a no win situation. Virginia’s Standards of Learning has come under much criticism over the past couple of years, and I for one think it deserves to be criticized. Each year student in every school district across America have to take two or more test such as, the (LPT) Literacy Passport Test, the Stanford-9 exam or the (SOL) Standards of Learning, depending on the grade level. In two out of these three tests, students are required to pass in order to graduate, and judging by last years test scores, most students future would be endangered if they are unable to bring there score up. This has led to the question, â€Å"are we testing our students too much†? This question was bought up at a General Assembly meeting in March of 2000, the Virginia Board of Education responded by saying they would move the Stanford-9 exam from the spring to the fall, so it would not interfere with the spring SOL tests. But this still is not enough for me, because all of these tests are designed to do one thing, and that is to evaluate a student’s comprehensive knowledge of a certain subject. So what I don’t get is, why do a student have to take two or more test a year just to evaluate his understanding of a certain subject.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since this test has been devised, the number one question everybody is asking is, â€Å" isn’t it unfair to base a student’s entire future on one test, when he or she simply could have had a bad day when taking the test†? The president Kirk T. Schroder of the Virginia Board of Education, answer this question by saying, â€Å"First of all, these tests are untimed, so no student is under arbitrary time pressure in taking the test.

Early Christian Music Essay

Singing is an essential part of worship to God. Even the creation itself was accompanied by the singing of morning stars (KJV, Job 38:7). So, music and singing were a vital part of the Israel and in the Old Testament we may find numerous confirmations of this fact. Jesus Himself sang hymns with His disciples before His sufferings (Matthew 26:30). During the Apostolic Era, singing in temple and synagogues still united the Jewish nation, and the apostles urged the believers to sing psalms, when anyone is merry (James 5:13), and in his letter to Corinthians, when he mentioned about the order in the congregation, Paul wrote that â€Å"everyone of you hath a psalm, hath a doctrine †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1-Corinth. 14:26), where psalm is mentioned first. Psalms became the primary source texts for Christian music and liturgy establishment. Christianity, which originated from the Middle East and had spread throughout the Roman Empire during the first five centuries A. D. , was founded on the basis of the Jewish religion and, therefore, its key practices, such as the sacrificial concept and worship, are rooted and were formed from the traditions and commandments of the Old Testament. The center of Church singing became Christ, the Lord. Music was not limited by canons or regulations; it was simple and exalted, joining the loving souls. Love to the Savior Jesus Christ was so deep that the first Christians were aware of the tiniest step towards worldly and pagan influence; therefore, pomp and coddle of roman music did not attracted them. The basis of singing in the early church was music of the Temple in Jerusalem – the chant of words from the Scripture. One was leading, while the whole congregation repeated him. Other Christian singings included: â€Å"speaking to [themselves] in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in [their] hearts to the Lord† (Eph. 5:19), which represented a two-part singing by-turn; being filled with the Holy Spirit, Christians were making and singing new songs, like the new song to honor the Lamb in the Revelation of John. Pliny the Younger, the Roman appointee in Bithynia, in his report to the Roman â€Å"Early Christian Music† â€Å"Page #2† Emperor 110 A. D. , had found out that the activities of Christians are not anti-social and their meetings are simple and start with singing a hymn of praise to Christ, as God. During the Roman persecution, Christians were forced to make services in catacombs – the walls of these galleries still keep the images of singers and, moreover, the texts of hymns. Monotonous music of hymns was amazing in its austerity and exaltation at the same time. Musical instruments were not allowed because of their heathen usage. On the first council of Nicaea in 325, the persecuted church became the state one. Therefore, singing and worship, staying monotonous, was supplemented with such chants as Gallican – France, Mozarabic (Visigothic) – Spain, Old Roman, Ambrosian, and Sarum use – England (Norton, 2002) and was influenced by national differences. The second council in 381 had excluded non-Christian singing, for Christian music, enjoying the freedom for decades, had been loosing its vitality and simplicity. 100 years later, Manlius Severinus Boethius had written a five-volume book on music – De institutione musica (Fundamentals of Music) – where he had concluded writings and findings of Greek authors (Nicomachus, Ptolemy, Pythagoras, Euclid and Aristoxenus). Boethius had divided music into three categories: musica mundane – described the universe, planets, seasons – music of the spheres; musica humana – described the interrelations of body and soul; musica instrumentalis – described music performed with the help of instrument or voice (Norton, 2002). He claimed that music must be a representation of harmony, knowledge, and order. St. Ambrose and St. Gregory the Great played the most significant role in the development of early Christian music – they have left the patterns, which are now called Ambrosian and Gregorian chants, though the founders themselves had no intention to establish a canon. Ambrose, the bishop of Milan, realized the need to enrich the monotonous hymn’s â€Å"Early Christian Music† â€Å"Page #3† performance and wrote a number of hymns for his church, which reproduce the psalms of David in verses. He depicted bright images, using a manifold oratorical language of Cicerone, Horatio and Vergilius. His music was simple and close to folk’s one. He introduced antiphonal singing, known in Jerusalem Temple, which represents a by-turn psalm singing of soloist, while the rest of congregation is refraining (antiphon) the verses. Besides, Ambrose had put a foundation for eight voice chorus in the West. The original form of Ambrosian chant is still kept in native Milan. Pope St. Gregory I, a son of roman Senator, who refused to serve these worldly passions, and, having sold his possessions, entered the St. Andrew’s monastery, became the first monk, who was elected to be the pope. Being devoted to liturgy, which was aimed at prayer and teaching, he advanced the plain singing as a sacred music and stressed on the importance of church music as an outer manifestation of faith that can raise man’s heart to spiritual level. This form of monophonic chant became a standard of monastery (Office) and public (the Mass) worship, as well as other services, and had been sung by choirs. This very chant had replaced Old Roman chant in Rome and has been revised and developed until the tenth century A. D. The singing itself started with â€Å"halleluiah† – the victorious exclamation of Christians after two and a half centuries of persecution. Its best samples were composed at the end of 5th century (between the invasions of Goths and Lombards), in the epoch of wars, destructions, plagues, famine, disasters – such horrifying that Gregory supposed them to be the signs of the end and presages of the Last Judgment. Yet, this singing is filled with peace and faith for the future. Therefore, the Early Christian Music was written in times of persecutions and hardships and was aimed to inspire and give faith to believers. That is why the chants and hymns of that time still restore the souls of mankind and are the basis for main services in the most of Christian world. Works Cited: Holy Bible, King James Version. Plume, 1974. Norton, W. â€Å"Music in the Early Christian Church†. Concise History of Western Music. 2002. W. W. Norton & Company. 11 Apr 2008 . Ward, Justine. â€Å"The Reform of Church Music†. The Atlantic Monthly 04 1906 1-10. 11 Apr 2008 .

Healthy Grief Essay

Grieving is a natural part of life. Everyone grieves at some point in their lives, whether it’s the loss of a beloved 1st pet fish or a loss of a loved one’s life, everyone grieves differently and everyone requires different approaches during the grieving process. This paper will describe the various stages of grief and what to expect with each stage. This paper will also compare and contrast the grieving process as defined by Kubler-Ross, the story of Job while incorporating the Catholic religion. The interaction between joy and the Kubler-Ross model will also be described. In the book of Job, Job is presented as a wealthy, righteous man living somewhere between 2000-1000 B.C. Job suddenly experiences the loss of his family, his possessions, and his health. Job relies on his friends to provide him with comfort. Each stage of grief according to Kubler-Ross is seen within the story of Job. The first stage, denial, is noticed when Job denies the severity of his medical condition. Job’s anger, which is the second stage of grief, is expressed in 7:11-15 â€Å"Therefore I will not keep silent; I will speak out in the anguish of my spirit, I will complain in the bitterness of my soul†. When Job had learned of the death of his 10 children, he tore his clothes and shaved his head in anger. The third stage of grief, which is also known as the bargaining stage, is expressed when Job starts to bargain with God in 9:33-34 â€Å"If only there were someone to arbitrate between us, to lay his hand upon us both, someone to remove God’s rod from me, so that his terror would frighten me no more†. Depression, which is the fourth stage of grief is apparent in 10:18 â€Å"Why then did you bring me out of the womb? I wish I had died before any eye saw me†. Job wishes that he had never have been born so he wouldn’t have to endure the grief and loss which he is experiencing. Acceptance, which is the final stage of grief, is reached after Job stated in (13:15) â€Å"Though he slay me, yet will I hope in him.† This versus is a very powerful versus as it is a reminder to be kind and helpful to others although others may not  demonstrate these actions. The Kulber-Ross theory of grief, designed in 1969 by Elisabeth Kubler is most commonly known as the five stages of grief. The five stages of grief represent the stages that on experiences while undergoing grief or similar life events. Ross created this model is describe the stages of grief for people undergoing terminal illness; however, this model can be used for various forms of significant loss such as divorce, loss of job, natural disaster, or loss of a loved one. The first stage describes a temporary state of disbelief called denial. During the denial stage, an individual shuts out actuality and denies anything bad is really happening. The second stage of grief is called bargaining. Bargaining is when an individual realizes that the denial cannot continue and begins to come to terms with reality. The person may become anger and question why is this happening. People may become angry with themselves, loved one, or others. The third stage is of grief is the bargaining stage. During this stage, patients tend to wish that they can postpone or delay their illness or death. People display their spirituality in great detail during this phase. They beg for a higher power to undo their loss and make things better again. It’s during the fourth stage that patients tend to feel depressed about their impending situation. The person begins to disconnect himself/herself of life, love, and affection. Most grieving occurs during this stage after the person realizes that their demise is becoming more inevitable. The last and final stage of grief is known as the acceptance stage. It is during this stage that the person has come to terms with their prognosis and feel as if they can reengage in their daily lives again. People of the Catholic religion, much like most people incorporate the five stages of grief into their lives unnoticeably in times of tragedy. Catholics also experience the most painful form of life, which is losing a loved one. Catholics deny the event, they become angry, they attempt to bargain, they feel depressed, and over time, they learn to accept. Much like Job is thousands and thousands of years ago. My own personal way to grieving is probably much different than the average person. When a loved one dies, I feel sad, but I do not display sadness nor do I cry. Instead, I celebrate them. I celebrate their life and encourage others to do the same. You would have never of guessed I had just lost my Mom when she passed away a few years ago. Instead of enduring the five stages of grief, I bypass the first four stages and fell into the acceptance stage. I accepted that she was too sick to be here on Earth and her passing was actually a beautiful moment at which I no longer saw the pain and struggle in her eyes. I am confident that she felt a sense of relief as well. After researching the stages of grief, the writer of this paper is more aware of the process that is needed to people to spirituality be able to heal after a significant event. During the grief process, people experience many emotions, which is clearly defined in the five stages of grief. To acknowledge that Job encountered grief many, many years ago in the exact same way people do now in modern age is reassuring and comforting. Upon completing research of grief, the information learned has not changed by view of grief; however it has made me more aware of the various ways that people react to grief.

My High School Experiences Essay Example

My High School Experiences Essay Example My High School Experiences Essay My High School Experiences Essay but yes I love to have fun and have a good time I never lost sight of the reason why I went to school everyday for. I was a tri-sport athlete in High School meaning I played basketball, football, and baseball. I started playing sports at a young age and as I grew my love for sports grew, I just loved being around the guys and being apart of a team. As a freshman it was kinda tough at first being that I was a freshman and I couldn’t dominate the sport anymore. Me personally that was a rough patch in my high school experience mainly because it was nothing I could do about it at the time. So I just continued to work harder and continued to push myself to be better than the next person. It was really

The Essential Guide to Freelance Ghostwriting

The Essential Guide to Freelance Ghostwriting Youve probably heard of the ghostwriting process, known people who have actually worked as ghostwriters, and read the work of a ghostwriter without even realizing it. Most aspects of this profession occur behind the scenes. So, what exactly is ghostwriting, and what does this process entail?What exactly is a ghostwriter?A ghostwriter is someone who is hired to write works of journalism or other literature, speeches, social media content, or other text that will be officially credited to someone else. Political leaders, celebrities, executives, and even some news representatives hire ghostwriters to create or rewrite memoirs, blogs, or newspaper and magazine articles. Ghostwriters also work in the music industry, creating musical works or lyrics, and in the movie industry, writing or improving scripts for screenplay authors. Even Mozart is known to have paid a ghostwriter to write music for wealthy patrons.Credit for ghostwritten works is not attributed to the ghostwriter. Usually, th e credited author and the ghostwriter both sign a contract including a confidentiality clause that requires the ghostwriter to be anonymous. The ghostwriter might be acknowledged as a researcher or a research assistant, but most of the time, the ghostwriter does not receive any public credit for his or her work.Timeline and feesGhostwriters complete their work over a period of time that ranges from months to a year, depending on the nature of the project, as they research, write, and edit both fiction and nonfiction works. Ghostwriting fees can be paid according to an agreed-upon rate per word, per page, or per project. A portion of the royalties from sales is also given to the ghostwriter after the work is published. Like any other freelance venture, Ghostwriters must keep detailed and accurate books if they expect to manage their businesses successfully.Roles and responsibilitiesThe degree and range of work a ghostwriter performs can vary. Sometimes a ghostwriter edits or rewrites sections of a rough draft or an unfinished piece of literature. In other cases, such as with an autobiography for a public figure, the ghostwriter performs a significant amount of research before creating the text from scratch. A popular fiction author may hire a ghostwriter to write books in the authors particular writing style in order to produce more books.The processWhen a ghostwriter is hired to write an autobiography, the credited author, his or her colleagues, and family members meet with the ghostwriter to discuss the potential content. The ghostwriter also finds interviews, articles, and video footage about the credited author or his or her work. In the case of nonfiction books or articles, a ghostwriter interviews the credited author and reviews past speeches, interviews, and other published articles about the credited author to accurately reflect his or her perspective and opinion within the text. Most of this work can be done via email, postal mail, phone call, and othe r modes of communication between the two parties.Types of ghostwritingSince the industries in which ghostwriters can work and the types of work they produce can vary widely, its pretty clear that ghostwriting can incorporate significantly different tasks. The following are the four main types of ghostwriting:Marketing letters from a company CEO These letters are sent from a company to business entities as a request to sell their product. If the letter is sent from the CEO, its probably a case of ghostwriting. Other sales correspondence with no apparent sender is usually not ghostwritten.Authors ideas in their own words In this case, authors pay a ghostwriter to flesh out their ideas and then turn them into a book or an article. The prep involves communication between the ghostwriter and the credited author, during which the former takes notes on the latters spoken word or sketched-out written notes and develops them into a book. The author might even send the ghostwriter a draft tha ts been mostly written already, and that just needs to be cleaned up through substantial editing or rewriting.Authors ideas in the ghostwriters words Authors might hire a ghostwriter to take a general outline theyve created, perform the research on the ideas, and then write a draft based on those ideas. In the end, the authors review the ghostwritten work and approve it for their use or make major changes to the draft according to their preferences.Ghostwriters ideas and words In this scenario, the ghostwriter must produce his/her own ideas, create an outline, perform the research, and write the content. The authors involvement here is only to approve the final work. An example of this type of service is a ghostwriter who has been hired to post to a celebritys Twitter account.Pros and Cons of GhostwritingGhostwriting offers some unique benefits and pitfalls. Here are a few benefits of working as a ghostwriter:Simply put, its easy money Freelance writers tend to turn to ghostwriting to ensure a relatively steady income after theyve left corporate life.Ghostwriting about a new field provides writers with an easy education Many people can become pseudo-experts in a certain field when they are mandated to research and write about it.Writing that goes public is always open for scrutiny and (heaven forbid!) criticism When your name isnt involved, it wont get dragged through the mud.But not all is roses and rainbows in the ghostwriting profession:You might get taken advantage of An inexperienced freelance writer can settle for a fee that is way below fair market value.Your clients might forget to refer you to colleagues Your name isnt attached to your work, so it cant help you to get new business. In ghostwriting, if you do good work, your client should ideally refer you to others. But your clients might not take this step, and theres nothing you can do about it, even if your work was awesome.Its a short-term game Theres a big market for ghostwriting. You can make go od money now, but your anonymity will prevent you from building your brand name and expertise in another field or for another business.Create and sign a contractDespite the disadvantages of devoting your life to a career in ghostwriting, there are a few actions you can take to protect your interests. Before you do any ghostwriting, you should come to an agreement with your client about the working conditions of the project and then put them into writing. Its a good idea to hire a lawyer to look over the contract before anyone signs it. The contract should specifically outline and describe the work youll be doing, your fee, when youll be paid (e.g., monthly, upon completion), and the project deadline. The contract should also include elements such as the following:Defined responsibilitiesHow will the labor be divided? Will your client give you an outline? Will he or she perform the research, or will you? When can you expect the necessary materials from the client? How does the client want to receive the completed text to review it- in pieces or in one finished product?Liability terms.An indemnification clause defines who carries the burden should any lawsuits arise. Ghostwriters should be protected by this clause in case the client sends any plagiarized text to work with at the beginning of the project.Author creditDoes your service make you completely invisible and, therefore, uncredited (this is the most common scenario in ghostwriting)? Or will you be acknowledged as a co-author and featured on the cover of the book?Terms for terminationOutline what will happen if the author or ghostwriter wants out before the project is finished.Responsibility for expensesIf you need to purchase access to research materials or travel to communicate with your client in person, how will the bills be split?ConfidentialityMany clients will ask for a nondisclosure agreement. This clause will protect the clients materials and keep you liable if you decide to go rogue in your ghos twriting.Getting the job doneWhen youve established your contract, its time to get down to work. If youre working without an outline from your client, start there. Create your outline and get it approved. Then youre ready to start the research and writing process.CommunicationSome clients will go heavy on face time, while others will prefer to be contacted only when theres already some text to work with. The amount of communication you engage in depends also on the type of project youre doing and the personalities of the people involved. Some people never meet their clients in person, and communicate solely over the Internet. Several tools are available today to ease the process of having to be in two different places at once, such as Track Changes in Microsoft Word. By using this feature, a client can mark up any text he receives from his ghostwriter, enabling him to communicate his thoughts and feedback right next to the exact phrases and words of debate. Then, after transferring the file via email, all the feedback is delivered in one tidy package. This approach is best if your client is generally happy with your work and wants only minor changes. If your client is looking for more substantial edits, then a phone conference is probably best to go over the revisions he wants to have you incorporate.Work togetherFind a working style that both of you are comfortable with. If you are writing to reflect your clients voice and make it sound like she wrote it, youll need to get a feel for her writing style. That means you will need to read and hear that voice.Pay attention to the phrases your client uses often and the structure of her sentences. Does she use certain words more frequently than others? Does she use long, drawn-out sentences, or does she write in shorter, more abrupt phrases? Do her descriptions require a dictionary to understand, or are they relatively simple?Finishing the jobWhen youve finished ghostwriting the chapters of the book or the sections of the article, your client should approve your work. Once hes given the all clear, you will create a final draft of all parts of your work. After youve sent your master file to your client and hes sent your check, thats it- youre done! He then goes on to play the role of the author, as per your agreement, and now youre ready to focus on your next ghostwriting project.